Phoenix LiDAR Systems User Manual
  • Welcome
  • SpatialExplorer 8 & 9
    • Introduction
    • Installation
      • System Requirements
      • SpatialExplorer-Compatibility
      • Licensing
      • Change Log
    • User Interface
      • Windows
        • AGL Oracle
        • Classify On Selection
        • Coordinate Reference System
        • Corrections
        • Main View
        • Picks
        • Messages
        • Mission Guidance
        • Photo Viewer
        • Project
          • Rover
            • Cameras
              • Camera Acquisition Settings
              • Camera Calibration Settings
              • Camera Processing Settings
              • Camera Tools
                • Load sensor transform/extrinsics from file
                • Calibrate Sensor Manually
                • Edit Receptor Masks
            • IMU
            • GNSS
            • Lidars
              • Lidar Acquisition Settings
              • Lidar Calibration Settings
              • Lidar Processing Settings
              • Lidar Tools
                • Load sensor transform/extrinsics from file
          • Reference Stations
          • Flightplans
          • Geometry
            • Modifying Geometries
          • Grid
          • Ground Control
          • Images
          • Intervals
          • Trajectories
          • Pointclouds
          • Terrains
        • Project Player
        • Sensors
        • SLAM
          • SLAM Processing Profile
        • System Monitor
      • Toolbars
        • File
        • View
        • Selection
          • Cloud Script Tool
        • Workflow
          • NavLab Embedded
            • Processing Options
            • Estimating Primary Antenna Lever Arm
          • Create Intervals
          • Disambiguate Lidar Ranging
          • Create Cloud
          • LiDARSnap
            • Sensor Calibration
            • Trajectory Optimization
              • Aerial Trajectory Optimization
              • Mobile Trajectory Optimization
            • Ground Control with LiDARSnap
              • Vertical Only Adjustment
              • Full Adjustment
            • LiDARSnap Tuning and Parameters
            • Control Point Clouds
            • Example: Optimizing Data from Multiple Scans
          • CameraSnap
            • Auto-detect without review
            • Auto-detect with manual review
            • Manually-Created Matches
            • CameraSnap Reports
          • Colorize Cloud
          • Align to GCPs
            • Adjusting Automatically to GCPs (Vertical Only)
            • Manual Adjustment (Horizontal and Vertical)
          • Reports
          • Export
        • Analytics
          • Classify
            • Classify By Class
            • Classify Noise
            • Classify Statistical Outliers
            • Classify Ground
            • Classify Powerlines
            • Classify Moving Objects
          • Create
            • Create Maps
            • Create Floorplans
            • Create Contours
            • Create Mesh
            • Compute Normals
            • CloudClean
          • Calculate Distance
          • Measure
            • Std. Dev. Along Surface Normal
            • Surface Area and Point Density
            • Volume
          • Compute SOCS
        • LiDARMill
          • Positions
          • Manage Grids
          • View GNSS Antennas
        • Rover
          • Connect to Rover
          • Disconnect from Rover
          • Rover Settings and Profiles
            • Navigation System
            • Sensors
            • Camera Settings
            • LiDAR Settings
          • Shutdown Rover
        • Tools
          • Navigation
            • Plot Trajectories
          • Camera
            • Edit Camera Events
            • Create Camera Sessions from Data
          • Licensing
          • Create Transformation...
    • Workflows
      • Data Processing Workflows
        • Airborne Lidar Processing
        • Mobile Lidar Processing
        • Backpack and Pedestrian Lidar Processing
        • SLAM Lidar Processing
        • LAZ Processing
        • Field Data Check
    • FAQs
  • LiDARMill Cloud
    • Introduction
    • Login/Register
      • User management
    • Quick Start Guide
    • Overview
    • Post Processing Workflow
      • Create New Project
        • Details
        • Project Reference Setup
        • Summary
      • Create New Mission
        • Uploading a SpatialExplorer Mission
        • Uploading a RECON Mission
        • Uploading a Pointcloud Processing Mission
      • Adding Reference Station Data
      • Adding Ground Control Points and Polygons
        • Ground Control Points (GCPs)
        • Polygons
      • Processing Tools
        • NavLab Pipeline
        • Spatial Fuser Pipeline
        • Pointcloud Optimization Pipeline
      • Cloud Viewer
      • Additional Tabs
    • FAQs
  • FlightPlanner
    • Introduction
    • User Interface
      • FlightPlanner Interface Tools
        • Change Theme
        • Feedback, Help, and Changelog
        • Flight Info
        • Delete All
        • Measurement and Reset View
        • Upload Google KMZ file and Delete All KMLs
        • Take off Location
        • Reverse Waypoint Order, Undo, and Auto Update mission flightlines on setting change
        • Address Search
    • Workflow
      • Missions Library
      • Basic UAS LiDAR Mission Planning (FP 9.0)
      • Mission Type
    • Overlap
    • FAQs
  • Hardware and Interfaces
    • Warnings and Safety Notices
      • LiPo Battery Safety
        • General Guidelines and Warnings
        • Pre-Charging Guidelines
        • Charging Process Guidelines
        • Storage/Transportation Guidelines
        • Battery Care Guidelines
      • Laser Safety
        • Class 1 Lasers
        • VUX-240 Laser Safety
      • Aircraft/Rover Operational Safety
    • Connecting and Interfacing with Phoenix Lidar Systems
      • Connect via Rover's Web Interface
      • Connecting via SpatialExplorer
        • Base Station (Notebook) Setup
          • Configure Windows
            • Disable Automatic Updates
            • Change Active Hours
            • Install Latest NVIDIA Drivers
          • Modify Hosts File
          • Wired Ethernet Network Card Setup
          • Install Software Tools
            • 7-Zip
            • Filezilla
            • Teamviewer
            • PuTTY
            • NovAtel Connect and NovAtel Convert4
        • Connect to Rover
          • Connect to Rover as a UDP Client
            • Connect via Wi-Fi
            • Connect via Ethernet
              • Connect via 900 MHz Radio
            • Connect Via Ground-Station-Wi-Fi (Groove)
              • Connect via Ground Station Wi-Fi (Bullet M5)
          • Connect to Rover using a Serial Port
          • Connect to Rover via Connection Service
            • Connect via Cellular
        • User Interface
          • Settings
            • Rover Settings
              • General
              • Navigation System
              • Network
            • Local Settings
          • System Monitor
          • Sensors
          • Satellites
      • Downloading Rover Data
        • Log Files
      • Updating Rover
    • NavBox
      • FLEXPack
        • Specifications
        • Ports and User Elements
        • Status LED
        • Using the CPU button
        • Preparing the System
        • Recording Data
        • Questions & Troubleshooting
      • Air
        • Specifications
        • Ports and User Elements
        • Status LED
        • Using the CPU Button
        • Preparing the System
        • Recording Data
        • Questions & Troubleshooting
      • Scout
        • Specifications
        • Ports and User Elements
        • Using the CPU/Sensor Button
        • Preparing the System
        • Recording Data
        • Questions & Troubleshooting
      • RECON Series
      • Alpha 3
        • Ports and User Elements
        • IMU-32/IMU-33/IMU-34
        • IMU-41/IMU-52
        • IMU-14/IMU-27
    • Camera
      • Sony Mirrorless Cameras
        • Specifications
        • Camera Settings
        • A7R4 Warning Messages
      • A7R4-Lite
        • Sony A7R4-Lite SD card folder setup procedure
      • A6K-Lite Camera
        • Highlights
        • Specifications
        • Warnings
        • Ports and User Elements
        • Status & Activity LED
        • Settings Wheel
        • Mounting
        • Powering ON the Camera - Self-Check
        • Operating with Spatial Explorer
          • Changing the Trigger Interval / Distance
          • Initial Camera Setup
          • Dual A6K-Lite Setup
        • Changing Camera Settings
        • Troubleshooting
      • Ladybug5+ and LadybugCapPro
        • Pre-Procedure
        • Data Acquisition
    • Lidars
      • Real-Time Point Clouds and MTA Disambiguation
    • Inertial Navigation System
      • Orientation and Offsets
        • IMU
        • GNSS Antennas
        • LiDARs and Cameras
      • Wheel Sensor
    • Miscellaneous Hardware
      • Mobile Roof Rack
        • RFM2-Dual LiDAR Mobile Accessory
      • Backpack Lidar Mount
        • Backpack Telescoping Boom
      • Wi-Fi Range Extenders
      • Accessories
        • Cables
          • SMB to SMA GPS Antenna Cable
          • MCX to RP-SMA WiFi Antenna Cable
          • LiDAR / Camera Cable
          • micro USB to USB Type A Female Cable
          • RJ45 Ethernet Cable
          • HDMI Cable Type D to Type A
          • SMA to TNC Ground Mount GNSS Antenna Cable
          • 7.5” Rover GPS Antenna Cable
          • 24” Rover GPS Antenna Cable
        • Power Supply Parts
          • Power Splitter Cable
          • AC Power Supply
          • XT30 3" Extension Cable
          • XT60 Female to XT30 Male Adapter
          • XT60 Male to XT30 Female Adapter
          • XT60 Female to EC5 Male
          • XT60 Extension Cable
        • Antennas
          • Rover GNSS Antenna
          • UHF Rubber Duck Antenna
          • Ground Mount GNSS Antenna
          • Bullet Long Range Module
          • Omni 12dBi Antenna for Bullet Module
          • Rover 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi Antenna RP-SMA
        • Other Components
          • LiDAR/IMU Cable
          • LiDAR Cable
          • IMU Cable
          • AL3 Power Cable with Integrated Splitter
          • EC5 to XT60 Adapter Cable
          • LiPo with EC5 Connector
          • LiPo Charger
          • 5.8 GHz Directional Panel Antenna
          • TNC 90 Degree Adapter
        • Miscellaneous
          • USB Drive
          • USB to Ethernet Adapter
          • Suction Cups w/ Clamps
          • Multi-Tool
          • SMA Wi-Fi Terminator
          • LiDAR Sensor Cover
          • LiPo Guard Battery Bag
          • Cable Accessories Bag
          • Storm Case
          • Foam Divider
  • Data Acquisition and UAV Piloting
    • Flight Planning
      • UAS LiDAR Hot Swapping
    • UAV Data Acquisition
    • Mobile Acquisition
    • Backpack Acquisition
      • Ranger FLEX Initialization and Acquisition Workflow
      • Recon XT Initialization and Acquisition Workflow
    • SLAM Acquisition
    • Navigation System Configuration
      • Navigation System Basics
      • Real-Time and Post-Processing Differences
      • Further Reading
        • GPS Time Status
        • Navigation Procedures
        • IMU Alignment
        • Navigation System Stabilization
    • RECON UAV Acquisition
    • RECON Series Quick Start Guides
      • RECON-XT M300/M350
      • RECON-XT-A FreeFly Astro
      • RECON-A
    • Calibration Flight Strategy
    • Acquisition FAQs
    • Post Acquisition Checks
  • MissionGuidance
    • Introduction
    • Flightplans
    • Heightmaps
    • Setup
    • Operations
  • GNSS Hardware and Ground Control
    • Reference Stations
    • Downloading Reference Station Data
    • Ground Control - Best Practices
    • Stonex S-900 and Cube-A
      • Cube-A project set up
      • Configure base station
        • Configuring Harxon HX-DU8608D radio
      • Configure rover
      • Surveying ground control points
      • Post processing
        • Post processing base station observations
        • Change base coordinates to a post processed position
        • Export points from Cube-A
  • Reports
    • Processing Report
    • Project Report
    • Trajectory Report
  • 3rd Party Software Documentation
    • Bathymetric LiDAR Processing in RiProcess
      • Creating a Project in RiProcess
        • Adding a Navigation Device
        • Adding a Trajectory
        • Adding a Scanner
        • Adding a Camera
        • Adding Control Objects
        • Processing Parameters
          • Exponential Decomposition
          • Page
        • Adding Records
      • Data Processing Wizard
      • Visualize Data
      • RiPrecision
      • RiHydro Workflow
    • RiParameter
    • TerraSolid and Spatix Install
    • Orthomosaic Production with Pix4D
    • InertialExplorer Desktop 8.70 - 8.90 Processing
    • Hyperspectral Data Processing
    • SDCImport Filter Options
      • MTA (Multiple Time Around)
      • Region of Interest
  • Image Processing using PhaseOne IXCapture
  • General FAQ
    • Accuracy Standards & Quantification
      • Precision
      • Relative Accuracy
      • Absolute Accuracy
      • Further Considerations
    • Mapping Terms and Definitions
    • Abbreviations
    • Examples: How to ensure accurate Georeferencing of Trajectories and Pointclouds
      • Example 1: Static Datum
      • Example 2: Dynamic Datum
    • Clock bias adjustment
    • General FAQs
  • Legacy Documentation
    • Offsets, Rotations, and Reference Frames: SpatialExplorer Version 4-7
    • Legacy TerraSolid Documentation
    • Legacy SpatialExplorer Documentation
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On this page
  • Overview
  • Time
  • Coordinate Reference System
  • Deliverable Products
  • Acquisition
  • Hardware
  • Platform
  • Reference Station # (L1 Antenna Phase Center) - Geographic 3d CRS (User Specified Datum)
  • Data Processing
  • Trajectory Post Processing
  • LiDAR Calibration
  • Image Rectification
  • Accuracy
  • LiDAR Relative Accuracy
  • Vertical Adjustment (CONTROL)
  • LiDAR Absolute Accuracy (CHECK)
  • Maps
  • RGB
  • Intensity
  • Ellipsoidal Altitude
  • Height Above Ground
  • GCP Separation
  1. Reports

Project Report

Spatial Fuser Pipeline Name

The LiDARMill Spatial Fuser project report is intended for data end users to review details of how mission data was acquired and processed, as both methodologies directly impact the accuracy and quality of the resulting data products generated.

Overview

Time

Time

Local

UTC

Data Acquisition

Local Date and Time of data acquisition (time zone deduced using rover location)

UTC Date and Time of data acquisition

Processing

Local Date and Time of data processing (time zone deduced using rover location)

UTC Date and Time of data processing

Coordinate Reference System

The project coordinate reference system is applied to all data imports and exports within the project. The selected project CRS is applied to imported survey control points, the post processed trajectory outputs, as well as the finalized LAS/LAZ and all corresponding data product outputs. Matching the project datum to the trajectory and survey control datum incurs the least amount of accuracy degradation.

Coordinate Reference System

Project Datum

The datum used to post process the project's output data products

Project datum epoch

The epoch used to post process the project's output data products

LAS output CRS

Horizontal and Vertical Coordinate Reference System of output LAS and other derived data products

Deliverable Products

This section presents a list of user selected output deliverable data products within Spatial Fuser Pipeline.

LiDAR

LiDAR

Output Files

Finalized LiDAR pointcloud data product file name

Format

Data product file format (LAS/LAZ)

Average Point Density

Average point density of finalized LiDAR pointcloud expressed in pulses/project unit^2

Specifications

Pointcloud classification and colorization details

Contours

Contours

Output File Name

Contour data product file name

Format

Data product file format (SHP)

Interval

User specified contour interval

DTM

Digital Terrain Model derived from ground classified LiDAR returns

DTM

Output File Name

DTM data product file name

Format

Data product file format (GeoTIFF)

Resolution

User specified pixel size

DSM

Digital Surface Model derived from highest hit LiDAR returns

DSM

Output File Name

DSM data product file name

Format

Data product file format (GeoTIFF)

Resolution

User specified pixel size

CHM

Canopy Height Model derived from the difference in elevation between highest hit LiDAR returns and ground classified LiDAR returns

CHM

Output File Name

CHM data product file name

Format

Data product file format (GeoTIFF)

Resolution

User specified pixel size

Decimated LiDAR DTM

Reduces the point density of LiDAR returns used to generate the Digital Terrain Model. The user specified value is used as the fixed/minimum point spacing between the output ground classified points

Decimated LiDAR DTM

Output File Name

Decimated LiDAR DTM data product file name

Format

Data product file format (LAS/LAZ)

Resolution

User specified point spacing

Acquisition

This section presents information pertaining to hardware used during data acquisition.

Hardware

Camera #

Model

Manufacturer and Model of camera used in project

Trigger Interval

Specifies whether system was triggered by time or interval during data acquisition, and the corresponding distance or time interval used for data acquisition

IMU

Type

Rover IMU model

Sample Rate

Rover IMU acquisition recording rate (Hz)

GNSS

Manufacturer

Rover GNSS antenna Manufacturer

Hardware Version

Rover GNSS antenna Hardware Version

Antenna

Rover GNSS antenna model

Platform

Platform

Survey Altitude (AGL)

The minimum, maximum, and average Above Ground Level (AGL) survey altitude. The distances are measured from LiDAR sensor to the ground profile within straight flightline intervals.

Approximate Survey Flight Speed

The minimum, maximum, and average speed of the platform carrying the payload. The velocities are measured during straight flightline intervals.

Reference Station # (L1 Antenna Phase Center) - Geographic 3d CRS (User Specified Datum)

Reference Station #

(L1 Antenna Phase Center) - Geographic 3d CRS (User Specified Datum)

Model

GNSS reference station antenna model

Latitude

Reference station geographic latitude in decimal degrees (user specified datum)

Longitude

Reference station geographic longitude in decimal degrees (user specified datum)

Ellipsoidal Height

Reference station L1 phase center ellipsoidal elevation (user specified datum)

Data Processing

Trajectory Post Processing

The trajectory data is processed using Phoenix LiDAR System's Navlab. Navlab is used to refine the system's position and attitude. A highly accurate post processed trajectory is generated from the coupled integration of GNSS and IMU data collected by the LiDAR System during the scanning mission.

Post Processed Trajectory

File

Filename of Post Processed Trajectory used for data product creation

Datum

Post processed trajectory datum

Epoch

Post processed Trajectory datum epoch

LiDAR Calibration

Trajectory Optimization

When the Trajectory Optimization tool is enabled, LiDARMill will perform feature matching using correspondences between overlapping swaths of LiDAR data to determine correction offsets that are applied to the mission’s trajectory. This will improve the resulting point cloud's relative accuracy.

Trajectory Optimization

ON/OFF

Fluctuating trajectory accuracy statistics from NavLab are used in conjunction with offsets in overlapping swaths of LiDAR to determine necessary trajectory optimizations along flightlines, in order to further refine the alignment of LiDAR swaths.

Scanner Calibration

When the Scanner Calibration tool is enabled, the LiDARMill applies an angular correction to the LiDAR sensor (pitch, yaw, roll correction) to resolve misalignments from IMU to sensor. Depending on the LiDAR model, an additional ranging scale correction, tilt angle offset, or encoder calibration correction may be calculated and applied.

Scanner Calibration

ON/OFF

Systematic attitude (roll, pitch, heading) misalignments between the system's IMU and LiDAR sensor are computed and minimized by comparing overlapping swaths of Lidar.

Image Rectification

The Calibrate Camera tool will calibrate the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. Camera calibration requires correctly setting initial focal length.

Cam # Calibration

ON/OFF

The initial image positions and orientations are adjusted using an automated tie-point matching algorithm within LiDARMill. After alignment, an automated balancing procedure is used to minimize radiometric differences caused by illumination changes.

Accuracy

There are two ways to differentiate high accuracy survey control points - Ground Control Points (CONTROL) and Survey Checkpoints (CHECK). CONTROL are surveyed points used for data adjustments, and CHECK are surveyed points used for accuracy reporting. CONTROL points utilized for data adjustments should never be used to validate the accuracy of the data product.

CONTROL and CHECK survey points are generally collected at the same time, using the same methodology. Survey CHECK points are points with known coordinates that are used to validate the accuracy of the survey. CONTROL points leverage GNSS data to adjust survey models and improve their overall accuracy. Unlike CONTROL, CHECK points do not affect how the LiDAR survey is processed in any way.

LiDAR Relative Accuracy

Relative accuracy, the measure of how well overlapping flightlines match each other, is determined for the mission(s). Surface models are developed for each flightline. Relative accuracy is calculated from these surfaces using two metrics, magnitude and dZ. Magnitude is the average of the absolute values of the vertical offsets between a single flightline surface and points from overlapping flightlines. dZ is the average value of the vertical offsets between a single flightline surface and the points from overlapping flightlines. An average magnitude for all flightlines represents the project's overall relative accuracy.

Average Magnitude

LiDAR project's overall relative accuracy

Flightline

Magnitude

Dz

Flightline interval #

Average of the absolute values of the vertical offsets between a single flightline surface and points from overlapping flightlines

Average value of the vertical offsets between a single flightline surface and the points from overlapping flightlines

Vertical Adjustment (CONTROL)

LiDARMill determines vertical offsets between input CONTROL survey point elevations and ground classified point elevations within your point cloud. It then computes an average deviation magnitude, and vertically transforms the point cloud by the average magnitude, to best align the point cloud to the input CONTROL survey points. If there are no survey points labeled as "CONTROL", no vertical translation will be applied to trajectory/pointcloud.

Control Point Count

Number of "CONTROL" survey points used to compute LiDAR vertical translation

A single vertical offset is determined and applied in order to optimize the fit of LiDAR with existing ground control.

Trajectory

Translation

Post processed trajectory file name

Vertical translation applied to trajectory and resulting pointcloud (UP or DOWN), computed as average vertical offset between CONTROL survey points and LiDAR pointcloud

LiDAR Absolute Accuracy (CHECK)

Independent survey checkpoints are utilized to assess absolute accuracy of the LiDAR pointcloud. The absolute accuracy of LiDAR data is determined from measured vertical offsets between surveyed checkpoints and the LiDAR point cloud. A TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) surface is created from LiDAR ground classified points, and used to measure the vertical offsets to CHECK points.

Note: Although CONTROL points and corresponding Dz offsets are included in the table below, only CHECK points are utilized for absolute accuracy calculation.

The table below presents statistical information computed from the elevation differences found in the "Survey Control Point Report - LiDAR" Table. If there are no survey points labeled as "CHECK", neither a statistical summary nor Dz histogram plot is computed.

Absolute Accuracy Determined Using "CHECK" Survey Control Points

Check Point Count

The number of CHECK survey points used for statistical analysis

RMSEz

The root mean square error (Z) of elevation differences

NVA at 95% Confidence Level

The non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95% Confidence Level = (RMSEz * 1.96)

Minimum Dz

The minimum value of elevation differences

Maximum Dz

The minimum value of elevation differences

Range

The range of elevation differences

Average Magnitude

The average of elevation differences

Survey Control Point Report - LiDAR

Table of elevation differences between the elevation of known survey CHECK points and the processed LiDAR pointcloud.

Type

ID

X

Y

Z

Laser Z

Dz

Type of Survey Control Point (CHECK or CONTROL)

Survey control point identifier

X/Easting coordinate of the survey control point

Y/Northing coordinate of the survey control point

Elevation coordinate of the survey control point

Elevation value derived from the LiDAR points at the survey control point's XY location

Difference between the survey control point elevation and the laser z elevation. If the value exceeds the outlier threshold, the value is displayed in red. If a CONTROL survey point is red, it was not used in determining vertical translation.

Dz Histogram

A plot displaying the histogram of the vertical distance error between surveyed CHECK point elevation values and the corresponding elevation value derived from the laser points at the survey CHECK point's XY location.

Maps

RGB

Pointcloud colored by corresponding RGB pixel values from mission imagery.

Intensity

Pointcloud colored by corresponding laser intensity.

Ellipsoidal Altitude

Pointcloud colored by corresponding ellipsoidal elevation values.

Height Above Ground

Pointcloud colored by distances above ground model derived from ground classified points

GCP Separation

Digital surface model with overlaid GCPs colored by dZ value.

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Last updated 1 year ago